The Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125) test measures the level of a protein called CA-125 in the blood. CA-125 is a type of tumour marker (indicator) that may be elevated in certain types of cancer, particularly ovarian cancer. The ovaries are a pair of reproductive organs in females that store and release eggs and secrete female hormones. CA-125 is produced by the cells lining the ovary and other organs, such as the fallopian tubes and uterus. High levels of CA-125 are seen in various cancers as well as other health conditions.
The CA-125 test is used to screen postmenopausal women who have a high risk of developing ovarian cancer, such as those with a family history or genetic predisposition for ovarian cancer. The test is also used to evaluate individuals with symptoms suggestive of ovarian cancer. The CA-125 test is particularly useful to monitor the efficacy and progress of ovarian cancer treatment and to check for cancer recurrence after treatment.
If you are someone residing in Bangalore and have risk factors or symptoms suspected of ovarian cancer, you may undergo a CA-125 test at home with your doctor’s recommendation to monitor your health or assess your risk.
The Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125) test measures a single parameter – CA-125 protein levels in the bloodstream.
CA125 is a tumour marker produced by ovarian cancer cells and the cells lining organs like the endometrium, fallopian tubes, lungs (pleura), gut (peritoneum), and heart (pericardium). It’s utilised in serological tests when ovarian cancer is suspected and for monitoring patients already diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancers. CA-125 is believed to suppress the immune system’s ability to eliminate diseased cells, such as infected cells and cancer cells.
Normally, CA-125 stays on the cell surface and does not enter the bloodstream as there are protective barriers in place. However, once these barriers are destroyed by cancerous cells, CA-125 leaks into the blood, leading to increased levels that are detectable by tests. CA-125 also appears to interact with other cellular proteins to promote the growth and spread of cancer.
Elevated CA-125 levels are usually seen in ovarian cancer, particularly epithelial ovarian cancer. However, increased CA-125 may also be seen in other cancers, such as cancer of the uterus, breast, and fallopian tubes, and in benign (non-cancerous) conditions like ovarian cysts, fibroids, and endometriosis. High levels of CA-125 can also be seen in physiological (normal body) conditions such as the first trimester of pregnancy, the postpartum period, and menstruation.
Preparing for a Cancer Antigen 125 test at home is simple with these steps:
Pre-requisites
Fasting is not required for the Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125) test.
Best Time to Get Tested
The Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125) test can be done at any time during the day.
Who Should Get a Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125) Test
The CA-125 test is advisable for diagnosing ovarian cancer in women with symptoms or risk factors, such as a family history or genetic changes. The test is also suitable for monitoring individuals diagnosed with ovarian cancer and undergoing treatment. It may also be done regularly after treatment to check if the cancer has returned.
Cautions Before Taking a Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125) Test
It is important to be aware that CA-125 levels can be elevated in non-cancerous conditions, such as pregnancy, menstruation, and fibroids. Ask your doctor about any precautionary measures needed before testing.
A CA-125 test is a valuable tool for various reasons related to ovarian cancer management and risk assessment. Here’s why you might need this test:
Monitor Treatment Progress : If you have been diagnosed with ovarian cancer, CA-125 tests are done regularly during treatment to assess whether the therapy is effective. A decrease in CA-125 levels typically indicates that the treatment is working.
Check for Recurrence : After completing cancer treatment, CA-125 levels may be periodically monitored, every few months or every year, to detect if the cancer has returned.
Evaluate Pelvic Lumps : If a suspicious lump is found in the pelvic area during imaging tests, like an ultrasound, CA-125 levels can help determine if the lump could be ovarian cancer.
Assessment of High-Risk Individuals : CA-125 levels may be checked in individuals with a significantly higher risk of ovarian cancer, such as those with:
A family history of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, or colorectal cancer.
Specific genetic mutations (changes in genes, including the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes).
Hereditary conditions such as Lynch syndrome that increase the likelihood of many types of cancer.
A history of ovarian, breast, colorectal, or uterine (uterus) cancer.
Since high levels of CA-125 can show up in several other conditions, the CA-125 test is often used in conjunction with other diagnostic tools and tests to confirm the diagnosis.
Cancer Antigen 125 is a tumour marker for monitoring the therapy and progress of patients with serous ovarian cancer. The table below gives the normal level of CA-125 protein in the blood as well as the conditions associated with high levels:
| Test | Biological Reference (U/mL) | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| CA-125 (Serum) | <35 | CA-125 is found in a high percentage of non-mucinous ovarian tumours of epithelial origin. Elevated levels are also found in ovarian cysts, endometriosis, cervicitis, cirrhosis, hepatitis, malignancy of endometrium, breast, or gastrointestinal tract. |
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